CHAPTER 16 : GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

16.1 Laws of reflection at plane surfaces

IO : Incident Ray
OR : Reflected Ray
ON : Normal to the surface
i : Angle of incidence
r : Angle of reflection

The laws of reflection at plane surfaces are :

(1) Incident ray and reflected ray lie on either sides of the normal.

(2) Incident ray, Reflected ray and the normal lie in one plane, which is called the plane of incidence.

(3) Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
                           i.e. i = r

Index

Light

16.1 Laws of Reflection at plane surfaces
16.2 Mirrors
16.3 Laws of Refraction at plane surfaces, Refractive Index and Critical Angle
16.4 Refraction at curved spherical surfaces and Lens maker’s formula
16.5 Lenses
16.6 Refraction in Prisms, Prism Formula
16.7 Dispersion of Light, Angular Dispersion and Dispersive Power
16.8 Optical Instruments and Magnifying Power

Chapter 17