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5.6 The Establishment of the U.N.O.
After the failure of the League of Nations, the world
leaders realized the requirement of a stronger world organization, for
maintaining peace. Roosevelt and Churchill both discussed and issued the
Atlantic Charter (1941). This charter contained important values and principles.
As many as 50 nations representing their people assembled in San Francisco
in America on June 26th 1945. These nations signed the Atlantic Charter,
on whose basis the work of the U.N.O. was to be carried out. Basically
it sets the machinery of the U.N.O. working. The headquarters of the U.N.O.
were at New York.
Exhibit 5.6
The Headquarters of the UN in New York
5.6a Aims and objectives
The main aim of the U.N. is to promote peace and security
in the international arena and prevent one nation from invading another.
It also aims to promote a spirit of international amity and co-operation
and seeks to work unitedly for realizing its ideas and objectives.
5.6b Principles
The main principles of the U.N.O. are the prohibition
of aggression. They make territorial changes only with the consent
of the population, giving the people the right to select a government
of their own choice. They attempt to improve the standards of the
labor class by removing economic misery. They emphasize social security,
placing all the states on equal terms in affairs relating to access
to trade and raw materials of the world. Thus they safeguard the
world population against the fear of war.
5.6c Departments of the U.N.O.
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Trusteeship council
4. Economic and Social Council
5. Secretariat
6. International Court of Justice
The aims and ideas of the U.N.O. are most significant.
Its success could gain peace all over the globe. The people all over would
enjoy prosperity. In spite of its imperfections, the U.N.O. has solved
a number of political issues that came up between nations from time to
time, disturbing their peace. Remarkable work has also been done by U.N.O
in the social, cultural and economic fields. However, the great challenge
that the U.N.O faced was regarding the cold war, and its inability to
put an end to it. It also could not end the race for armaments. By and
large, the U.N.O. has accomplished most of its ideals.
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