(10) Catenary :

        It is given by

(11) Loop :     (a)   ay²   =   x ( x - a )²

                       (b)   ay²   =   x² ( a - x )

(12) Four Cusped Hypocycloid

         Or Astroid :

        It is given by   

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Index

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Area
8.3 Volumes
8.4 Mean Value
8.5 Arc Length(Rectification)

Chapter 1