BIBLIOGRAPHY

FURTHER READING
CRITICAL WORKS

Carpenter, Humphrey. The Inklings. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1979.

_____. Tolkien: A Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1977. An authorized biography; contains valuable insights.

Carpenter, Humphrey, and Christopher Tolkien, eds. The
Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981.

Carter, Lin. Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings."
New York: Ballantine, 1969. Discusses ancient legends and
epics that seem to have influenced Tolkien; also discusses the
development of the fantasy genre.

Crabbe, Katharyn F. J. R. R. Tolkien. New York: Ungar, 1981.
Easy reading.

Foster, Robert. A Guide to Middle Earth. New York:
Ballantine, 1975. Handy guide to the people and places of
Middle-earth.

Helms, Randel. Tolkien's World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1974.

Hillegas, Mark R., ed. Shadows of the Imagination: The
Fantasies of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Charles
Williams. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
1969.

Isaacs, Neil D., and Rose A. Zimbardo, eds. Tolkien and the
Critics: Essays on J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings."
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968.

_____. Tolkien: New Critical Perspectives. Lexington:
University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Collection of essays.
"Frodo and Aragorn: The Concept of Hero" and "Tolkien and
the Rhetoric of Childhood" are exceptionally good.

Kocher, Paul H. Master of Middle Earth: The Fiction of J. R.
R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. Critical
discussion of Tolkien's works, including his lesser-known
poetry and stories.

Noel, Ruth S. The Mythology of Middle-earth. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1977. Compares elements of Tolkien's
novels with various legends and myths.

Ready, William. The Tolkien Relation. New York: Warner,
1968. Interesting insights.

Shippey, T. A. The Road to Middle Earth. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1983. Thoughtful discussion of Tolkien's fiction by a
fellow philologist.

Urang, Gunnar. Shadows of Heaven: Religion and Fantasy in
the Writings of C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and J. R. R.
Tolkien. New York: Pilgrim, 1971.

West, Richard C. Tolkien Criticism: An Annotated Checklist.
Rev. ed. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1981.

AUTHOR'S SELECTED OTHER WORKS

Tolkien wrote very little fiction besides The Hobbit and The
Lord of the Rings. This list contains his better-known stories
and poetry, as well as relevant nonfiction. You'll find a
complete listing of all his fiction and nonfiction in the back of
Humphrey Carpenter's Tolkien: A Biography.

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