After the failure of the League of Nations, the world leaders realized the requirement of a stronger world organization, for maintaining peace. Roosevelt and Churchill both discussed and issued the Atlantic Charter (1941). This charter contained important values and principles. As many as 50 nations representing their people assembled in San Francisco in America on June 26th 1945. These nations signed the Atlantic Charter, on whose basis the work of the U.N.O. was to be carried out. Basically it sets the machinery of the U.N.O. working. The headquarters of the U.N.O. were at New York.

Exhibit 5.6
The Headquarters of the UN in New York

5.6a Aims and objectives

The main aim of the U.N. is to promote peace and security in the international arena and prevent one nation from invading another. It also aims to promote a spirit of international amity and co-operation and seeks to work unitedly for realizing its ideas and objectives.

5.6b Principles

The main principles of the U.N.O. are the prohibition of aggression. They make territorial changes only with the consent of the population, giving the people the right to select a government of their own choice. They attempt to improve the standards of the labor class by removing economic misery. They emphasize social security, placing all the states on equal terms in affairs relating to access to trade and raw materials of the world. Thus they safeguard the world population against the fear of war.

5.6c Departments of the U.N.O.

1. General Assembly

2. Security Council

3. Trusteeship council

4. Economic and Social Council

5. Secretariat

6. International Court of Justice

The aims and ideas of the U.N.O. are most significant. Its success could gain peace all over the globe. The people all over would enjoy prosperity. In spite of its imperfections, the U.N.O. has solved a number of political issues that came up between nations from time to time, disturbing their peace. Remarkable work has also been done by U.N.O in the social, cultural and economic fields. However, the great challenge that the U.N.O faced was regarding the cold war, and its inability to put an end to it. It also could not end the race for armaments. By and large, the U.N.O. has accomplished most of its ideals.

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Index

5.0 Introduction
5.1 The Russian Revolution
5.2 NAZI Germany
5.3 Fascism in Italy
5.4 The Second Great War
5.5 Impact of the Second Great War
5.6 The Establishment of the U.N.O.
5.7 Points to Remember

Chapter 6