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Chart 5.1
Main Indicator Words
Additive words. These say, "Here's more of the same coming up.
It's just as important as what we have already said."
also further moreover
and furthermore too
besides in addition
Equivalent words. These say, "Both what I have just said, and
this too."
as well as equally important similarly
at the same time likewise
Amplification words. With these, the speaker is saying, "I want
to be sure that you understand my idea; so here's a specific instance."
as in fact such as
for example (e.g.) like that is
for instance specifically to illustrate
Alternative words. These words say, "Sometimes there is a choice;
at other times there isn't."
either/or other than otherwise
neither/nor
Repetitive words. These say, "I said it once, but I'm going
to say it again in case you missed it the first time."
again in other words that is (i.e.)
to repeat
Contrast and change words. "So far I've given you only one side
of the story; now let's take a look at the other side."
but instead of regardless
conversely on the contrary still
despite on the other hand though
even though nevertheless whereas
however notwithstanding yet
in spite of rather than
Cause and effect words. "All this has happened; now I'll tell
you why."
accordingly for this reason then
as a result hence therefore
because since thus
consequently so
Qualifying words. These say, "Here is what we can expect; these
are the conditions we are working under."
although providing whenever
if unless
Concession words. These say, "Okay!" We agree on this much."
accepting the data granted that of course
even though
Emphasizing words. These say, "Wake up and take notice!"
above all indeed more important
Order words. With these, the author is saying, "You keep your
mind on reading; I'll keep the numbers straight."
finally last second
first next then
Time words. "Let's keep the record straight on who said what
and especially when."
afterwards meanwhile subsequently
at the same time next then
before now ultimately
formerly presently until
later previously while
Summarizing words. These say, "We've said many things so far.
Let's stop here and pull them together."
briefly in brief to summarize
for these reasons in conclusion to sum up
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