Chapter 28

Summary

Part 1

The boys noticed a change in their father at supper. He usually ate in silence, but now he was asking them questions about their day. They answered cautiously until they realized he was not going to be mean to them. Aaron explained how they had shot a rabbit. When Adam asked which one shot it, Aaron said they both did. Cal added that the rabbit was killed with his arrow, but that Aaron had probably shot it. Adam praised them for handling the situation well. Aaron then explained how he had given the dead rabbit to Abra in a box, but she had thrown it away. He added that he wanted to marry Abra. Cal then switched the subject, asking where their mother was buried. Adam lied and said that her body had been shipped back to her home for burial. He also hinted that there was a possibility of their moving to town.

Part 2

When the boys had gone to bed, Lee told Adam it was a mistake to lie to them since they would one day find out the truth; then they would not trust anything Adam told them. Adam said he would think about it. Lee then told Adam about his own mother. His parents had come to the United States as workers on the railroad. His father had a debt to pay in China and had been forced to sign up as a laborer so he could repay the debt. Since he had just been married, he was sad to leave his wife. When he got to the hold of the ship, he discovered that his wife had dressed as a man and boarded the ship. After they got to California, she worked on the railroad with him. When she discovered she was pregnant, they planned to escape to the mountains where she would live. Before they could depart, he broke his leg in an accident and was separated from his wife. When she went into early labor, the men on the railroad found out that she was a woman. Since Chinese women were not allowed to come to the U.S., the men punished her by attacking and raping her. LeeÂ’s father got to her after the attack and pulled Lee from her womb before she died. Ironically, the men on the railroad adopted Lee as a son, serving as mother and father to him.

Part 3

Adam wrote a letter to Charles and asked him to come visit. He told Charles that he missed him and loved him. He told him the boysÂ’ mother lived in town and that he saw her occasionally.

Notes

In this chapter, there is an obvious change in Adam. He writes to Charles, stating that he loves him and wants him to come for a visit. He also begins to develop a relationship with his sons, treating them with care and concern. He even praises them for handling the rabbit incident well. The boys are surprised to see the change. Once they trust his motives, they talk to Adam freely, especially the sensitive Aaron. He even tells his father that some day he hopes to marry Abra. Caleb, on the other hand, challenges his father by asking where their mother is buried. When Adams lies to them, Lee warns him that he should only speak the truth to his sons. Lee then tells Adam the tragic story of his own mother.

The history of the U.S. includes the wretched exploitation of cheap labor. Chinese were brought in at the end of the nineteenth century to build the railroad, which was grueling and dangerous work and caused many deaths. Chinese women were not given visas, for the American government did not want Chinese families to permanently settle in the U.S. Congress even passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting settlement. As Lee describes what happened to his mother, Steinbeck creates a sense of deep emotion. He even attempts to avoid demonizing the men on the railroad for their vicious murder of LeeÂ’s mother by showing their remorse afterwards and their attempts at making amends by being surrogate parents to the infant Lee.

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